Novel alkyd resins prepared from indandicarboxylic acids and the process of preparing the same



` 2,373,262 NOVEL ALKYD Rnsnss rnarARED FROM INDAN- DICARBUXYLIC A'CIDS AND THE PROCESS 0F PREPARING THE SAME kJohn C. Petropoulos, Norwalk, Conn., asslgnor to American Cyanamid Company, tion of Maine No Drawing. Application october 10, 1955 serial No. 539,646

` Claims. (Cl. 26o-22) New York, N. Y., a corpora- This invention relates to a new class of lkyd resins and to the process of` preparing the same. More particularly, this invention relates to the process for` preparing R COOH wherein R' and R2 are members selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and halo groups and R3 and R4 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups containing from l to 4 carbon atoms and halo groups.

Still further, this invention relates to the process of preparing glyceride oil modified alkyd resins ofthe same class.

l, One of the objects of the present invention is top roduce4 sa novel class of alkyd resins. A further object of'the present invention is to produce a classof alkyd resins` which have marked superiority over conventional and commercially available alkyd resins. TheSe and other objects of the present invention will be `discussed in greater detail hereinbelow.

This application is a continuation of my copending application having the Serial No. 414,860, tiled March 8, 1954, entitled Novel Compositions of Matter and Processes of Preparing Same, now abandoned.`

The novel alkyd resins ofthe present invention are United States Patent ICC halo substituents such as the chloro, bromo, iodo ,and

iluoro. Representative of this class of compounds are -chloro, m-methylstyrene, a-bromo, p-lmethylstyrene, a-iodo, o-methylstyrene, a-uoro, p-methylstyrene andthe like. The methyl substituent o n the ring may be the sole substituent aon the ring or it may be accompanied by groups, such as those mentioned hereinabove, and the like. In order that the process for the preparation of the dimers utilized in the practice of the process of the present invention may be more completely understood, the following examples are set forth in which all parts are parts by weight unless otherwise indicated. These examples are set forth primarily for the purpose ofillustration and any specic `enumeration of detail` contained therein should not `beinterpreted as alimitation on the case except as indicated in the appended claims.

DIMBRIZATIN on ,p-DIMETHYLSTYRENE 800 parts of toluenecooled to 5 C. are introduced into a suitable reaction vessel. To the toluene, there is added 140 parts of a 95% sulfuric acid. The mixture is stirred thoroughly and maintained at a temperature of about 0-5 C. To thecooled mixture, there is added 260-parts of a,p-dimethy1styrene dissolved in 200 parts of toluene The resulting mixture is allowed to react tor l/2 hour at 0-5 C. and is then hydrolyzed with 120 parts of water.

The organic layer is washed free of lacidic material with Water and is distilled to yield 2,50 parts of a colorless oil having a boiling point of 1424144 C. at 0.8 mm. This oil solidiiies and has a `melting point of 37-38o C. uncor- `rected. The `product produced is l(4-methylphenyl) 1,3,3,6-tetramethylindan.

DIMERIZATION oF a-ETHYL, p-METHYLSTYRENE To 400 parts of toluene at 5 C., there is added slowly parts of 95% `sulfuric acid followed by 144 parts `of a-ethyl, p-methylstyrene dissolved in parts of toluene.

. The temperature is maintained at 0-10 C. during the entire addition. `Theresulting mixture is allowed to react for 1/2 hour and then is `hydrolyzed with 100 parts of water. The organic material is collected, washed free of acidic material with water and distilled to yield 4parts of a colorless liquid having a boiling point of -l65 C. at 1 The product produced is l-(4-methyl phenyl)-l,3-diethyl-3,64dimethyl-indan.

prepared by reacting a polyhydric alcohol with the dicar-` boxylic acids which result from the oxidation of the dimers of alkyl side chain substituted styrenes and halo side chain substituted styrenes wherein said styreneshave a methyl group substituted on the ring. The alkyl group in the alpha position may be any one of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl. The propyl group may be either npropyl or isopropyl and the butyl group may be either nbutyl, isobutyl or tertiary butyl. The methyl group on the ring may be in either the ortho, meta or para position. Representative of the `class of alkyl substituted styrenes which may be used in the practice of the process of the present invention are a,odimethylstyrene, ecm-dimethylstyrene, ,p-dimethylstyrene, a-ethyl, o-methylstyrene, wethyl, m-methylstyrene, i-ethyl, p-methylstyrene,

afpropyl, o-methylstyrene, a-propyl, m-methylstyrene,`

arpropyl, p-methylstyrene, a-butyl, o-methylstyrene, a-

`butyl, m-methylstyrene, a-butyl, `p-methylstyrene and the like. In the place of the alkyl groups containing between l and 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted on theside chain` in the a position, one may utilize the DIMERIZATION oF a, `Minn-DIMETHYLs'rrRnNn To 200 parts of toluene at 0-5" C., there is added slowly 35 parts of 95% sulfuric acid, 65 parts of ,m-dimethylstyrene dissolved in .50 parts of toluene. The rcsulting mixture is allowed to reactfor about 1/2 hour and is then hydrolyzed with water. The` organic material is collected, washed and` distilled to yield 6l parts of a colorless liquid having a boiling point of l44-l48 4C. at l mm. pressure.` The product produced is l-(3-methylphenyl) 1,3,3,5-tetramethy1indan;

DIMRIZATION OF CRUDE cup-DIIJIE'FHYLfl3 `ST-YRENE To 368 parts of toluene at 10 C., there is added slowly 50 parts `of anhydrous aluminum chloride.` followed by 516 parts of crude (undistilled) a,pdimethylstyrene dssolved in 368 parts of toluene while maintaining the temperature below 10 C. `After a 20 minute reaction time, the mixture is hydrolyzed with water andthe organic layer is collected and dried. The organic material `boiling point of 138440?1 C. at 0.5-l mm. V

other substituents such as other alkyl groups, halo colorless oil having a of 136-140 C. at 1 mm. pressure,

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF l-(4-CAR- BOXYPHENYL) 1,3,3 TRIMETHYL--INDAN- CARBOXYLC ACID Into a suitable reaction vessel equipped with thermometer, stirrer and rellux condenser, there is introduced 34Y parts vof the dimer 'of ,p-dimethylstyrene, 57 parts of concentrated nitricacid and `8O parts of Water andthe mixture is reuxed for `48 hours. The yield, amounting to about 32 parts, was a light tan solid. This product is collected and washed free of acid with water. 10 parts of this product is dissolved in 150 parts of l N sodium vhydroxide and there is added. thereto l parts of potassium permanganate andthe resulting mixture is allowed to reflux-for hour.` The .mixture isr acidiiied and thentreated'with sodiuinsulte, in order to reduce the manganese dioxide to manganese sulfate. rl`-his gave a yield of 11 parts vof a light tan solid which after recrystallization from acetic acid .became colorless `and had a neutralv equivalent of 162 and a melting point of 293-4 C., uncorrected.` .Analyss-Calculated for CZDHMO@ C, 74.05; H, 622i COOH, 27.79. Found: C, 73.83; H, 6.23; COOH, 27.73.

ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF l (4-CARBOXYPHENYL)-l,3,3-TRIMETHYL -lNDAN-CARBOXYLIC ACID Into an autoclave, there is introduced V26.4 parts .of the dimer of ,p-dimethylstyrene, 66.2 parts of concentrated nitric acid and 61 parts of water and the mixture is heated slowly in the autoclave. At 150"` C., .an exothermic reaction develops and the temperature and pressure increased to 190 C. and 1000 p. s. i., respectively. After about minutes at 190 C., theautoclave is cooled and the product amounting tol yabout 26 parts (80% yield), is collected. The resulting `'product is a light tan solid having a melting point of 278--285P C. and had a neutral equivalent of 164. When this product is recrystallzed fromacetic acid, .the colored nitration product impurities are substantially 'completely removed and the melting point is raised to 293-294 C.

PREPARATION OF l (4 CARBOXYPHENYL)-l,3

DIETHYL 3 METHYL-G-INDAN-CARBOXYLIC ACID yPREPARATION OF 1,- 3-CARBOXYPHENYL) -1 ,3,3 'IRIMETHYL-S-INDAN-CARB OXYLIC ACID A mixture of 13 parts of the dimer vogm-dimethylstyrene, 23 parts of concentratedl nitric acid (specific gravity 1.42) and 30 parts of water are heated slowly in an autoclave until va temperature of about 19d-195 C. is reached. The reaction mixture is held at this temperature for about 15 -minutesand thenallowodto cool toroom temperature. The product, alight tan solid having a neutral equivalent of about 160-164 is collected in an approximate yield of Tit-84%. Again this product may be further purified by recrystallization as in the preceding example, to give a colorless solid ot melting point 210-212l C., uncorrectcd.

The dicarboxylic acids produced in accordance ywith the process of the present invention will find use in a plurality of diterent applications but principally these dicarboxylic yacids will .be found to be useful in the production of alkyd resins by coreacting said acids vwith conventional polyhydric alcohols. Amongst the polyhydric alcohols whichmay be used to form alkyd resins by reacting with the novel dicarboxylic acids of the present invention vare ethylene glycol,vdiethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylol propane; 2,2-dimethylpropanediol-l,3; trimethylol ethane; 2-`ethyl2butylpropanediol-l,3; pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, pinacol, arabitol, Vxylitol, adonitol, mannitol and the alkanel diols such as butanediol-1,3; butanediol-1,4; pentanediol-LS; hexanediol-'l,6 and the like. These polyhydric alcohols may be used either singly or in combination with one another. The alkyd resins ofthe present invention may be either oil free or oil modied. If they are to be oil modified, the dicarboxylic acids of the present invention may be esteriiied with glycerol in the presence of saturated and unsaturated oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, salower oil, rape seed oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, soya oil, linseed oil, perilla oil, castor oil, tallol, oitica oil, sardine oil, tung oil, whale oil and the like and saturated ifatty acids such as lauric, stearic, palmitic and the like.

Additionally, thev allyd resins of the present invention may `be modified by copolymerizationwith compounds containing a pol-ymerizable CH2==C group, such as styrene, a-methylstyrene, a-ethylstyrene, a-chlorost'yrene, and ring substituted styrenes such as the o, m, p-alkylstyrenes such as the o-methylstyrene, m-ethylstyrene, ppropylstyrene and the like or the disubstituted styrenes such as the 2,4-dimethylstyrene, the 2,5-diethylstyrene,

-the 3,4-dipropylstyrene and the like, or the ring `substituted mono and dihalo styrenes such as o, m, or pchlorostyrenes, or the 2,4-dichlorostyrenevor the2,'5-dibromostyrene and the like or the alkyl acrylates, methacrylates and acrylonit'rile. When the alkyd `resins of the present invention are to be modified by reaction with a compound containing -a polymerizable CH2=C group, it is generally desired that thealkyd resin be modied withan oil orthe fatty acids derived therefrom.` These oils may be either the non-drying, semi-drying or drying oils. Preferably, theseV oils or fatty acids derived therefrom when modifying the alkyd resin should contain some measure of unsaturation in order to permit interpolymerization between the unsaturated group lin the vinyl or vinylidene compound with the unsaturated double bond in .the fatty acid chain. This lends to greater compatibility between the homopolyrner which maybe present and the vinyl 0r vinylidene monomer modified oil alkyd resin.

In addition to the use of the dicarboxylic` acids of the present invention in the manufacture of alkyd resins, onemay make use of such other polycarboxylic acids as those which are free of non-benzenoid unsaturation, e. g., phthalic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric,v sebacc, adipic, pirnelic, suberic, azelic, 'tricarballyliq citric, tartaric, malic andthe like. Additionally, if it iis desired to make use of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids,`fone may make use of unsaturated polycarboxylic .acidssfone-may make use of such acids as maleic, fumarie, aconitic, itaconic and the like. Obviously, these acids may be utilized iny combination with one anotherconjunctively with the dicarboxylic acids of the present inventionin the formation of alkyd resins.` Still further, the'fanhydrides of these acids whenever available or mixtures ofA thesejnhydrides maybe utilized with the novel dicarboxylic acids i. of the present invention in the preparation of alkyd resins ormixturcs of the anhydrdeswith the mixtures of the aboveddentied acids may be utilized with the novel dicarboxylic acids of the present invention in the preparation of these novel alkyd resins.

A further utilization of the dicarboxylic acids of the present invention will be in the preparation of alkyl esters which will be utilized in the manufacture of alkyd resins Iby the process known as ester-interchange. These alkyl esters of the novel dicarboxylic acids of the present invcnlion will nd further utilization as plasticizers `for resinous` materials.

Example l 50 parts of 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)1,3,3trimethyl6indan 'carboxylic acid are dissolved in 600 parts of methanol, and the solution is saturated with dry hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution is allowed to react at room temperature for about 48 hours. The excess methanolis stripped off and the concentrate s poured into ice water whereupon an amorphous solid iss-precipitated out. This solid is dissolved in ether and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The removal of the ether gave a 48 part yield (88%) of a white crystalline solid having a melting point of 97-98" C., uncorrected.

Example 2 Example 3 A mixture of 25 parts of 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)1,3,3- trimethyl--indan-carboxylic acid and 75 parts of 2ethyl hexanol is reuxed at a temperature of 18S-200 C. and the water of esteriiication is removed azeotropically. The excess alcohol is stripped off under vacuum leaving a dark viscous residue having an acid number of l5. This residue iszdissolved in dry ether, and is passed over an activated alumina column which removes substantially all of the acidic material and substantially all of the colored im purities. The evaporation of the ether therefrom, afforded 29 parts `(70% yield) of a light yellow lvery vis-I cous oil of an acid number less than 1.

. Example 4 Into a suitable reaction vessel equiped with agitator, thermometer, inert gas inlet, and reflux condenser, there is introduced 29.2 parts of l(4carboxyphenyl)l,3,3-tri methyl--indan-carboxylic acid, 20.1 parts of refined soya fatty acids, and 11.2 parts of glycerin. The reactants are heated to 230235 C. until esterication is substantially complete. The product thus produced has an acid num ber of 10 and is soluble in xylol and contains 36% fatty acid modifier. i

Example 5 A"`conventional alkyd resin is prepared by reacting phthalic anhydride with 20.1 parts of refined soya fatty acids and 11.2 parts of glycerin to give an alkyd resin containing 3.6% fatty acid modifier. The reactants were treated as in Example 4.

Example 6 acids, and-10.8 partsof glycerin were reacted as inl .Ex-f viscosity of Z3*V v resins of Examples 4, 5 and 6 indicated that Examples4 and 6 air dried much faster than Example 5 and had markedly `better resistance to Water, alkali and acetic acid.-

White baking enamels are prepared from. the resins of Examples 4, 5, and 6 at a pigmentresin ratio of 0.7:l, where the pigment was TiOZ. The resin solids are of an alkyd resin prepared according to Examples 4, 5 or 6 and 25% solids of a butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin. These resins are cast on steel and are baked for 20 minutes at 300 C. A comparison of the film properties is indicated hereinbelow.

M odltied Resins of Exnmples..l..- 4 5 6 Gloss Excellent.. Good.-- Excellent. 5 Alkali Resistance (Hrs. to Fail). 50-70 2-5 50-70.

50 g Acetc Acid Resistance (minutes to fail) 50 30.

Example 7 4.3 parts of l(4carboxypheny1)l,3,3-trimethyl6in dan-carboxylic acid, 1.37 parts of lauric acid and 1.56 parts of glycerin are reacted together as in Example 5 to a nalacid value of 5.0. The resulting resin is soluble in xylol and contains 20% fatty acid modiler.

Example 8 4 parts of l-(4carboxyphenyl)1,3,3trimethyl6indan carboxylic acid, 2.47 parts of lauric acid and 1.4 parts of glycerin are reacted together as in the preceding example to a inal acid value of 11.5. The resulting resin is soluble in xylol and contains `34.5% fatty acid modifier.

Example 9 A commercially available lauric acid modilied phtbalic alkyd having outstanding `resistance to heat and chemical reagents and containing 30% fatty acid modiiier is used as a control. Each of the alkyd resins prepared accordingto Examples 7, 8 and 9 are blended with a butanolmodified..benzoguanami11e-formaldehyde resin at an 80/ 20 ratio where parts are alkyd resins and 20 parts are benzoguanamine resin. Films of these blends were drawn on a thin steel panel and baked for 30 minutes at 300 F. and 20 minutes at 400 F; A comparison of iilm properties is outlined hereinbelow wherein the comparative ratings indicate 10best, and O poorest:

Color Retention 5% Alkali Resistance 50% Acetic Acid Resistance..

Example 10 5 parts of l-(4-carboxyphenyl)1,3,3-trirnetl1yl6indan carboxylic acid and 2.18 parts of a 98% glycerol are introduced into a suitable reaction vessel equipped as in Ex,- ample 4 and are reacted at 240 C. until an acid number of 10 is reached.` The resulting resinous material was soluble in a mixture of butanol and xylol l/l and had a viscosity of V on the Gardner-Holdt scale at 25 C. in a 40% solids solution. 1

, I Examplell 5.67 parts of l(4-carboxyphenyl)-l,3,3'trlmcthylf6 indanlcarboxylic acid and 2.74 parts of a 98%fglycerol1` are reacted in a suitable reactionvessel-iequipped lasin Example 4 at a temperature of `240 C.'until anacidfnum-l baked for 30 minutes at 300' Fto produce a cleargfilrn..-

When compared witha conventional saturated fatty 'acid modified phthalic alkyd resinthe resins; of EXampleslO and 1l were markedly superior in i color retention and acid resistance.`

It is known that conventional phthalicv anhydride glycerol alkyd resins which contain no fatty acid modifier are not ordinarily compatible with amino resins such as the butylated melamine-formaldehyde resins, the butanolmodified urea-formaldehyde resins, the butanol modified benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin-s and the like. Additionally, when these conventional phthalic glyceride resins containing no fatty acid modifier are utilized to form films, it is often observed that the films will have certain irregularities in their surface structure such as craters and pinholes. The alkyd resins prepared according to Examples 10 and 11 when used alone form films which are free from the above-mentioned irregularities.

Example 12 n 4 parts of l(4carboxyphenyl)-1,3,3trimethyl6indan carboxylicV acid and 0.8 part of ethylene glycol are heated in a suitable reaction vessel equipped as in Example 4 until esterication is substantially complete. The resin thus prepared `had an acid number of r17--8 and a softeningpoint'of 165 C.

Examplev 13 Example 14 Into a suitable reaction vessel equipped as before, there is introduced 22.8 parts of 1-(3-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,3 trirnethyl-S-indan-carboxylic acid, 19.1 parts of soya `oil fatty acids and 7.8 parts of 98% glycerol. The charge is heated gradually up to 225 C. and maintained at 225- 235 C. until an acid number of 7.3 is reached. When cut to 70% solids in xylol, the resin solutionv had a-viscosity `of X on the Gardner-Holdt scale at C. and a color of 4-Gardner 1933.

Example 15 Into a suitable reaction vessel equipped as before, there is introduced parts of a mixture of dibasic acids which are the oxidation products of dimers derived from approximately equal parts of am-drnethy1 styrene and capdmethyl styrene, 47.5 partsof soya fatty acids and 19.5

parts of 98% glycerol. The charge is heated gradually to about 225 C. and maintained at 225235 C. untilfan acid number of 7.0 is reached. When'cut in xylol to 65% resin solids, the solution had a viscosity of X on the Gardner-Holdt scale at 25 C; and a color of 4-5, Gardner;1933.1 Y i The' :propertiesof air dried films". producedfrom'thel resinsv of Examples 13, 14 and=15 rwere compta-ed-fwitlry a similar type of soya oil fatty acid modified o-'phthalate alkyd resin. The results are shown in the following table :v

1 =excellent; 2=good; 3=iairgood; 4=fair.

Example 16 Intofa .suitableA reaction vessel equipped as bcforefthere is-introduced 320 parts of 1-(4-carboxyphe-nyl9s1,3,3: trimethyl6-indtin-carboxylicacid, 197 parts .of coconut oil fatty acids and 110 parts of 98% glycerol. Thecharge is heated to about 220 C. and held at a ktemperatureof- 220.-`,230'C. until an acid number kof `8.0 is reached. When Vcut in xylol to a solids solution, the viscosity was Z yon the Gardner-Holdt scale at 25 i C; and:had VVa, color of S-Gardner 1933. Tests on baked'white enamels containing as the vehiclera combination of two parts of -alkyd resin to one of a butylated melamine-formaldehyde resiny gave thefollowing .comparativeresults whenfthe resin Iof this example was compared withzazcomparative alkydresin prepared from ol-phthalicacid andfromnxetaphthalc acid. The results `are shown 'in the following table.

NaQH Aeetic l Color- I Gloss `Resistance Rosin Resist.- Resist- Re. Re-g. to

anco anco tcntion tention Detergent;

vSolution a Ex. 16 l 2 1 1 spumante-. 3 3 2 3 s rn-phthalic 2 3 2 3 3 blkltetention characteristics as measured by high temperature over a ingu' 1=execllcnt; 2=good; 3=fair.

Example 1 Into a suitable reaction vessel equpped-asbefore, there is introduced 320 parts of 1-(4carboxyphenyl). 1,3,3-trimethyl6indancarboxy1ic acid; 289 parts a of. soya fattyacids and 116.5 parts of 98% glycerol. The-charge issheated gradually to 230 C. and maintained at.. 2104 230 C. until an acid number of 4.8 is. reached* The resultant resin was cut with xylol to form a solids solution, which had a viscosity of Z3 on the Gardner- Holdtscaleat 25 C. and a color of 4er-Gardner 1933.

Example 18 Y Into a suitable reaction vessel equipped as before, thereis' introduced 310l parts of,1(4vcarboxyphenylf) lg3,Bftrimethyl-S-ind:in-carboxylicv acid, 240 parts v of soya fatty acids, 63 parts of China-wood oil and` 110 parts of 98% glycerol. The charge is heatedgradually to about 220 C. and maintained at 220-230 C. until an acid number of 6.6 is reached. The resultant resin is cut with Varsol #l (a high boiling aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon of low kauri-butanol value) to .form a solution having a viscosity of Zgon the Gardner.- HoldtY scale at 25 C. The resinous `n'laterial.,prcniuced is classed as a medium oil oxidizingy typefofalkfydresin and contained 45% of oil acids. Air dried films were drawn down from the resin thus produced and from acomparable medium ,oilV length phtha1ic alkydjresin. A comparisouftof theseairdried` .lmstwas .made .and

the `results ofl 'said comparison `areset forth in the following chart:

Tack- Resln free' Gloss NaOHRe- Acetlc Re- Hardness Time, ance ance hours Ex. 18 2 Good.. Excellent.. Excellent.. Excellent. o-phthalic 7 -.-dem Fati-....... Good.--.. Good.

-Example 19 Into a suitable reaction vessel equipped as before, there is introduced 310 parts of 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)- 1,3,3-trimethyl-6-indan-carboxylic acid, 700 parts4 of soya fatty acids, and 168 parts of pentaerythritol. The charge is `heated gradually to 240 C. and held at a temperature between 240 and 260 C. until an acid number of 2.0 is reached. The resultant resin is cut with Varsol #l to a 70% `solids solution which had a viscosity of Z4-Z5 on the Gardner-Holdt scale at 25 and the color lwas 4+-Gardner 1933. The resin solution thus produced would be classed `as a long oil architectural resin and contained 64% fatty acids.

Example 20 `Into a suitable reaction vesselequippedas before, there is introduced 70 parts of `the dimethylester of 1 (4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,3` trimethyl 6 indancarboxylic `acid, 17 parts of pentaerythritol, 12.7 parts of methyl cocoate (the methyl ester of the fatty acids of coconut oil), and` 0.28 part of a lead octoate solution containing 24% lead. The charge is heated gradually to about 200 C; and` held at 20G-220 ening begins to occur but short of the eating that the desired transesterication point has been reached. The resultant resin is cut with xylol to a 60% solids solution having a viscosity of Z1 on the Gardner- Holdt scale at 25 C. and a color of 4--Gardner 1933.

Amongst the dicarboxylic acids, which may be used to prepare the novel alkyd resins of the present invention are: 1 (4 carboxyphenyl)` `1,3,3, trimethyl 6- indan carboxylic acid; 1 -,(3 -carboxyphenyD 1,3,3- trimethyl 5 `indan carboxylic acid; 1 (2 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,3 trimethyl 4 indan carboxylic acid; l (4 carboxyphenyl) ,l,3 `diethyl 3 methyl- 6- indan carboxylic acid;` 1 (3 carboxypheuyl) 1,3- diethyl 3 methyl- 5 indan carboxylic acid; 1 (2- carboxyphenyl) 1,3 diethyl 3 methyl 4 -indancarboxylic` acid; 1 (4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3 dipropyl- 3 methyl 6 -indan carboxylic lacid; 1 (4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3 dibutyl 3 methyl- 6 indan carboxylic acid; 1.- (4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3 dichloro 3 methyl- 6 indan carboxylic acid; 1 (4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3- diiodo 3 methyl 6 indan carboxylic acid; 1 (4- carboxyphenyl) 1,3 dibrorno 3 methyl 6 indancarboxylic acid; 1 (4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3 diiluoro- 3 methyl 6 -indan carboxylic acid; 1 (3 methyl- 4-carboxyphenyl) 1,3,3,5 tetramethyl 6 indan-carboxylic acid; 1 (4 methyl 3 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,3,6 tetramethyl 5 indan carboxylic acid; 1- (3 methyl 4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3 diethyl` 3,5- dimethyl 6 -indan carboxylic acid; 1 (3 methyl- 4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3-dipropyl 3,5 dimethyl 6- indan carboxylic acid; 1 (3 methyl 4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3 dibutyl 3,5 dimethyl 6 indan carboxylic acid; 1 (3 methyl- 4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,- dichloro 3,5 dimethyl 6 1 (3 ethyl- 4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,5 triethyl 3- methyl 6 indan carboxylic acid; l (3 propyl 4- carboxyphenyl) -,1,3,5 tripropyl 3 methyl 6 indan- `carboxylicr acid; 1 (3 butyl 4'- carboxyphenyD- 1,3,5- tributyl -3 methyl.- 6A 1V (3 chloro 4 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,5 trichloro- 3.-;methyl 6A `indan-carbox'ylie acid; 1 `(4` ethyl- C. until thickgel point `indiindan carboxylic acid;I

indan-carboxylic A acid;

3 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,6 triethyl 3 methyl .indan carboxylic acid; 1 (4 propyl 3 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,6 tripropyl -3 methyl 5 indan carboxylic acid; l (4 butyl 3 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,6- tributyl 3 methyl- 5 indan carboxylicr acid; 1 (4-` chloro 3 carboxyphenyl) 1,3,6 trichloro 3 methyl- 5 -indan carboxylic acid, `and the like.

In the preparation of the dicarboxylic acids used in the present invention, one oxidizes the dimer of a compound having the general formula:

I (3L-TCH:

R4 COOH wherein R and R2 are members selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, andhalo groups and -R3 and R4 are members selected from the group )consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups containing .from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and halo groups. i A

In the oxidation of the dimers utilized in the process of the present invention, one may utilize temperatures varying from about room temperature to about the boiling point `of the dimer. It is preferred, however, to utilize temperatures greater than about C. as the temperature signiiicantly below that temperature will` cause the oxidation reaction to proceed slowly. The oxidization reaction may be carried out in the presence of any of the Well known oxidizing reagents such as chromic acid in glacial acetic acid, potassium permanganate, in the presence of an alkali, potassium dichromate in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid or the oxidization can be simply carried out by blowing air or oxygen through the batch.` The oxidization further could be carried out in the presence of heavy metal catalyst such as the metal salts of the organic acids such as the cobalt, lead, iron, nickel, manganese, magnesium and the like, salts of acetic acid, propionic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, rosin acids, naphthenic acid and the like. The oxidization can be carried out either at `atmospheric pressure or super atmospheric pressure such as at about 3 or 4 atmospheres. The oxidization may be carried out either in the liquid phase or in the vapor phase. In the vapor phase the dimer would be Avaporized and in being boiled olf would be passed over a fixed bed of catalyst of the vanadium type. `In the `vapor phase, there is a possibility of closer control of the contact time, temperature, and the separation of the oxidized material from the unoxidized in a recycling operation. In the oxidization reaction, it is generally desirable to stopthe conversion at about 30-40% 'of the calculated` cationsf The oxidizationf'reaction being stopped atljusty sucha point would4 permit the separationyofthe drcap boxylic--ac-ids thus produced and the recyclization Aof the dimer.` The lower limit on the reaction temper-` ature ofthe oxidization reaction is generally considered tobe .above the melting point-of the particular dimer selected for oxidizatiomwl Still lower temperaturesv can be utilizediif the oxidization iscarried out with vthe dimer dispersedA or dissolved in a vsolvent medium. The utilization of the solventV medium, however, mayV well; eiect the upper limit at which the oxidization reaction can be carried out inasmuch as the boiling point of the solvent will be the controlling factor in the oxidization temperature. Of course, if super atmospheric pressure is utilized, the boiling point of the solvent is not a necessary limitation on the oxidization reaction. The solvent medium should properly be a material which cannot readily be4 oxidized under the oxidization conditions of the reaction. Otherwise, complications of mixed end Vproducts willI bepresentedf In addition to oxidizetion ina solvent medium,-dispersions and emulsions may be utilized as the 'medium-for' oxidization.

`In the preparation-,of the dimersused in the present inventiomone may use temperatures varying between aboutg C; and aboutH3O0 C. In order to pre vent possible decompositions, however, it is preferred to keep the temperature-belowabout 250 C. In the lower temperatures,it is preferred to use a range of between 0- and 10 C. The dimerization reaction is well known in the arty and maybe carried out at the lower temperatures in the presence of any strong acids such as the sulfonic acids/or the halide acids such as iluoric acids, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, or anhydrous hydrochloric acid. It is further possible to utilize activated clay-type catalysts such as diatomaceous earth, fullers earth, oridin, particularly at the higher temperatures.

In addition to the production of` these dicarboxylic acids by the oxidization of the dimers of compounds such as ,p-dimethylstyrene, it is 'possible to react the dimers as described in detail hereinabove in a plurality of different ways Itis possible to produce the derivatives` of the dimers set forth hereinabove, wherein a substituent is introducedintotone or more of the aromatic rings in any of the available positions. These substituents maybe -o-alkyl, -o-aryi, v--oornornol ocupen-CH3- -NHIC-NH:

The substitutedv dimer ,containingL the substituent NH3 can v.be vfurther reacted` with `acetic anhydride or acetyl p chloride to yieldv a dimer. having the substituent containinsethex--Na could :be ,reacted '.withi: acrylyl chloride to convert the NH2 group to a NHG-onzen The substituted dimer containing the NH2 group could be reacted with phosgene to-convert theV NH2V group to the NCO group. The substituted dimer containing the NH2 group can bel reacted with nitrous acid and cuprous cyanide to yield in the vplace of the NH3 group a CEN group. The nitrile substituent thus produced can be hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid wherein the CEN group, isv converted tothe The amide substituted dirrlers-Irlayv be further hydrolyzed in the presence of acids or bases @to yield in the place of the t.

a COOH group.v The acidsubstituted dimers thus produced can be reacted with an aliphatic mono or polyhydric alcohol or an aromatic mono or polyhydric alcohol to give corresponding esters, wherein the COOH group is convertedl to a COOR group where R is an alkyl or an aryl residue. The dimers per se may -further be reacted with sulfuric `acid V,in a Isulfonation reaction `to incorporate into thedimrs rings va SOSH group. .The

dimers containingL the SO3Hy groups may be reacted with NH3 to give SOzNHg .groups in place of the SOaH groups. Thedimers containing the substituent SO3H group may bereacted with alkali -to convert the SOaH group to a OH group. These phenol substituted dimersmay be converted to an alkali metaly salt thereof such. as the sodium salt and then reacted `with an alkyl or an aryl halide to give an alkylor an The substituted dimer containing the OH group may be reacted with anrallyl halide to give a substituted dimer in which there is substituted in the place of the OI-I group the group OCH2CH=CH2 group. The dimers per se may be reacted with a halogen to substitute said dimer on its ring with anl X group wherein the X is a halo group such as chloro, bromo, iluoro or iodo. These substituents Vcan be incorporated into the ring or rings of the dimer as described in detail hereinabove and where the reaction conditions or the reactants do not conflict with one another, a plurality or a mixture of these substituents can be incorporated into the ring or rings of the dimers. By increasing the ratio `of reactant to dimer, it is possible to incorporate a plurality of these substituents into'each of the rings ofV the dimers. These substituted dimers will nd rapplication in a plurality of elds. Certain of them, such asl those containing nitrogen groups having a reactive hydrogen thereon, may -be'reacted with an aldehydesuch as formaldehyde to form potential condensation products. Others containing unsaturated' double bonds-may be utilized in a polymerization reaction, wherein the double bonds open up to form linear polymers and the like. v

In the preparation of the Anovelalkyds of the present invention, one; may react these indan carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcoholssuchas are enumerated here- .use but for most purposes an acidnumber belowjlOO is desired and preferably one belowabout 40."`

These alkyd resins may beutilized alone or in combination with aminoplast resins such as the adhehyde reaction product of hydrogen reactive aminocompounds such as urea, thiourea, dicyandiamde, and `aminotriazines such.

as melamine, formoguanamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine and the like. Although many aldehydes can be used in the preparation of these aminoplastrresins such as acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acrolein,` furfuraland the like, formaldehyde is fthe preferred aldehyde. HThese aminoplast resins may be alcohol modied or unmodied but generally it is preferred Vto use the alcohol modified variety. As modifying alcohols, one may use any of the monohydric aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Because of its organic solvent soluble properties, the butanol modified resin is generally preferred.

In the preparation of alkyd resins generally in keeping with the concepts of the present invention, one may make a preformed alkyd resin by reacting these indan carboxylic acids and a polyhydric alcohol with or without a glyceride oil and then react with a polymerizable monomer such as styrene or, if one wishes to make use of the monoglyceride approach, the resulting resins would be highly satisfactory. A still further approach to the production of these novel alkyd resins would reside in the reaction of the glyceride oil with the poly merizable monomer such as styrene and after polymerization is substantially complete introducing the polyhydric alcohol alone or in combination with these indan carboxylic acids and heat reacting to substantially complete esterication.

If it is desired to produce alkyd resins which have lire resistant or fire retardant properties, one will'elect to use those indan carboxylic acids which are halogenated. The halogenation may be present in the 1,3 positions or it may be nuclear halogenation. The presence of chloro groups are particularly advantageous for this purpose. These halo groups may he present in the initial monomeric material prior to dimerization, if desired, or unhalogenated monomers may be dirnerized, oxidized and then halogenated prior to reaction with the polyhydric alcohol to form the alkyd resins of the present invention. As an alternative, the unhalogenated monomer may be dimerized, halogenated and then oxidized to form the indan carboxylic acid desired.

I claim:

.1.. A process for the preparation of an alkyd resin compnsing reacting a polyhydric alcohol with a compound having the general formula:

HOOG f Naim Ra COOH 14 comprising reacting a polyhydric alcohol with `1(4earboxyphenyl)l,3,3-trimethyl-6-indan-carboxylic acid.

3. A process for the preparation of an alkyd resin corn prising reacting a polyhydric alcohol with l-(3-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl5indan-carboxylic acid.

`4. A process for the` preparation of an alkyd resin comprisingreacting a polyhydric alcohol with 1(4car boxyphenyl)1,3-diethyl-3methyl-6dudan-carboxylic acid. 5. An alkyd resin prepared by reacting a polyhydric alcohol with a compound having the general formula:

te oen H000 o-Jai i Rl I Ri COOH ...ew HOOG R4 COOH wherein R' and R2 are members-selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups containing l to l carbon atoms and halo groups and R3 and R4 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups containing `from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and halo groups.

8. A process for preparing an oil modified alkyd resin comprising reacting a glyceride oil, a polyhydric alcohol and l (4 carboxyphenyl)1,3,3trimethyl-6indan-car boxylic acid.

9. An oil modified alkyd resin prepared by reacting a glyceride oil, a polyhydric alcohol and an acid having the general formula:

te C-R' Hoon n o o 0H l2. A vinyl monomer modied alkyd resin prepared" :Larmes:

by rea'cting r a polymerizable .i compound containing i, a

group with an oil modified alkyd resin prepared by reacting a glyceride oil, a polyhydric alcohol and 1-(3-carboxyphenyl)1,3,3-trimethyl-S-indan-carboxylic acid.

14. A styrenated alkyd resin prepared by reacting styrene with an oil modified alkyd resin prepared by reacting a glyceride oil, a polyhydric alcohol and 1(4 'r carboxyphenyD-l,3,3-trimethyl-6-indan-carboxylic acid.

15. A styrenated alkyd resin prepared by reacting 16 7styreneWithzy anx-:oil modiliedyalkyd resin lprepared Aby reacting;ag1yceride.oil,. a polyhydrc alcoholand 11(3- .carboxyphenyl)f1;3;3trimethyl-Sfindan-carboxylic acid. "References .Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS i 2,629,151'y Wiggins k. p Feb. 24, i953 2,646,450 Thurber l-. Ju1y 21, 1953 2,748,092 Daniels etal May 29, 1956 y i Y FOREIGN vPATENTS 1,017,881"y France Oct. l, 1952 Y .OTHER REFERENCES YHoenel:,flzzint;'Oil an:1;Chern .v Review, `June 4, 1931, pagesl9"'andzz25.;.i (Copy in Scientific Library.) fBeilstein-:vFirst Supplementnrolume 9V, page 417, 1932.

NTED STATES PATENT oFFIoFl YCertificate of Correction Patent No. 2,873,262 February 1o, 1959 John C. Petropoulos It s hereby certified that eFFoI' appears in the printed speoication of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the Xsaid Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 4, line 35, for allyd read -a1kyd-; column 6, line 50, after drawn column 7, line 68, for am-dimethyl styrene read am-dimethyl insert -doWn-f styrene/g column l1, line 50, third substituent from the left, for N=C=O read -N== =O-5 line 55, last substituent on said line, for -CONHread CONI-L column 13, lines 58 to 67 should appear as shown below instead of as in the patentous @-Rl H000 l ou, R, Cim

Rf ooon Signed and sealed this 16th day of June 1959.

[SEAL] Attest:

KARL H. AXLINE, ROBERT C. WATSON, Attestz'ng Oycer. ommz'sszoner of Patents. 

1. A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ALKYD RESIN COMPRISING REACTING A POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL WITH A COMPOUND HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA: 